Recipe of the Month Three Body Systems

Food as Functional Medicine

Three recipes, each built around a different body system from the TDG framework. Not health food. Not punishment. Food that does something specific — and tastes like it was worth making.

By Stephen Duncan FDN-P MSc  ·  Detective Health

→ Liver Support → Gut Repair → Blood Sugar

A note on the philosophy here: these recipes are not designed to replace therapeutic interventions. If you have confirmed liver dysfunction, active gut inflammation, or insulin resistance, food is part of the picture — not the whole picture. But within a broader protocol, eating in a way that actively supports the system you're working on matters. These are what I would eat. They're not complicated.

System 01 · Liver & Detoxification

Warm Bitter Greens Bowl with Tahini-Lemon Dressing

Rocket, radicchio, dandelion greens, and walnuts over warm lentils — built around bitter compounds that stimulate bile flow, glucosinolates from the brassica family, and sulphur-containing foods that drive phase II liver detoxification.

Prep15 min
Cook20 min
Serves2
SystemLiver

Ingredients

  • Base
  • 200g Puy or green lentils (cooked or tinned, drained)
  • 100g rocket (arugula)
  • 60g radicchio, roughly torn
  • Small bunch dandelion greens (or extra rocket)
  • 80g tenderstem broccoli, lightly steamed
  • Dressing
  • 3 tbsp tahini (good quality — runny)
  • Juice of 1½ lemons
  • 1 clove garlic, crushed
  • 1 tsp apple cider vinegar
  • 3–4 tbsp warm water (to thin)
  • Sea salt, black pepper
  • Finish
  • 40g walnuts, roughly broken
  • 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil
  • 1 tsp turmeric powder
  • Lemon zest to serve

Method

  1. Warm the lentils in a pan with a splash of water, a pinch of turmeric, salt, and a glug of olive oil. Three to four minutes — you want them warm, not hot.
  2. Whisk the tahini, lemon juice, crushed garlic, ACV, and enough warm water to make a pourable, creamy dressing. Season well.
  3. Steam or briefly blanch the tenderstem broccoli — two minutes, still with some bite.
  4. Toss the rocket, radicchio, and dandelion greens together. Add the warm lentils through the leaves — the heat will just wilt them slightly.
  5. Arrange in bowls. Lay the tenderstem across the top. Pour the dressing over generously. Scatter walnuts. A final drizzle of olive oil and lemon zest.
  6. Eat immediately — the warm-cool contrast is part of the point.

Why This Works Clinically

Bitterness drives bile flow. Bitter compounds — found in rocket, radicchio, and dandelion — stimulate bile acid secretion via cholecystokinin release. Bile is how the liver exports processed fat-soluble toxins into the gut for elimination. Bitter greens before or with meals are one of the oldest functional medicine tools — every traditional culinary culture includes them for a reason.

Broccoli and the glucosinolate pathway. Brassica vegetables (broccoli, kale, Brussels sprouts, cabbage) contain glucosinolates that, on chewing, form isothiocyanates including sulforaphane — one of the most studied inducers of Nrf2, the master transcription factor for phase II liver detoxification enzymes. Lightly steamed is better than raw for sulforaphane bioavailability in most people; boiling destroys it.

Sulphur from garlic and walnuts. Phase II detoxification (glucuronidation, sulphation, glutathione conjugation) requires sulphur-containing compounds. Garlic is one of the most concentrated dietary sulphur sources. Walnuts additionally contain glutathione and ellagic acid, a polyphenol that supports both liver cell protection and phase I enzyme activity.

Turmeric and curcumin. Anti-inflammatory at the liver level, with reasonable human evidence for liver enzyme improvement in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Absorbed better in the presence of fat (olive oil here) and black pepper (add if you have it).

LiverDetoxificationPhase II SupportBile Flow
System 02 · Gut Health & Repair

Slow-Cooked Chicken Bone Broth with Ginger, Leek & Miso

A proper therapeutic broth — not from a cube. Collagen, glycine, glutamine, and probiotic miso combined with prebiotic leek. Gut repair food in the most literal sense.

Prep10 min
Cook8–12 hr
Serves4–6
SystemGut

Ingredients

  • The Broth
  • 1kg chicken carcasses or frames (ask your butcher — cheap)
  • 2 chicken feet if available (gelatin density)
  • 2 litres cold filtered water
  • 2 tbsp apple cider vinegar
  • 1 tsp black peppercorns
  • 2 bay leaves
  • The Finish
  • 2 large leeks, white and pale green only, sliced
  • 4cm fresh ginger, sliced (unpeeled is fine)
  • 2 tbsp good quality white miso paste
  • 1 tsp toasted sesame oil
  • Spring onion to serve
  • Sea salt to taste

Method

  1. Place carcasses and feet in a large pot or slow cooker. Cover with cold water and add the ACV. Leave for 30 minutes — the acid starts to draw minerals from the bones before you apply heat.
  2. Bring slowly to a gentle simmer (don't boil aggressively). Skim any grey foam from the surface in the first 20 minutes.
  3. Add peppercorns and bay leaves. Reduce to the lowest possible simmer — barely a bubble — and cook for 8 to 12 hours. The longer you go, the more collagen and gelatin you extract. A slow cooker on low overnight is ideal.
  4. Strain the broth through a fine sieve. Discard solids. At this point the broth can be cooled and stored — it should set to a jelly when cold. That gelatin is the point.
  5. To serve: gently heat broth. Sauté sliced leeks in a little olive oil until soft (8–10 minutes). Add to the broth with ginger. Simmer 5 minutes.
  6. Remove from heat. Stir in miso paste (do not boil after adding miso — it kills the live cultures). Finish with sesame oil. Taste and season. Serve with spring onion.

Why This Works Clinically

Collagen and glycine for tight junction repair. The collagen extracted from bone during long cooking breaks down into gelatin and amino acids, particularly glycine. Glycine is the primary amino acid used in the synthesis of collagen in the gut lining, and research suggests it plays a direct role in tight junction integrity — the cellular "mortar" between enterocytes that, when disrupted, produces intestinal permeability. This is gut repair in the most literal, structural sense.

Glutamine from the meat proteins. L-glutamine is the primary fuel source for enterocytes (the cells lining the small intestine) and is consistently used in gut repair protocols. Slow-cooked meat and bones release glutamine alongside glycine. This is why clinical practitioners have used bone broth therapeutically for gut repair long before the research caught up.

Leek as prebiotic fuel. Leeks are rich in fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin — fermentable fibres that selectively feed Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species in the colon, supporting microbiome diversity. In active gut inflammation, introduce leek gradually — the fermentation can initially increase gas in a highly dysbiotic gut. Build up over weeks.

Miso for live culture input. Unpasteurised miso is a fermented food with measurable probiotic content — primarily Lactobacillus and Bacillus species. Adding it post-heat preserves the cultures. It also contributes glutamate and mineral content. White miso is mildest — tolerated better by most people with gut sensitivity.

Gut HealthLeaky GutGut RepairMicrobiomeCollagen

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System 03 · Blood Sugar & Metabolic Health

Spiced Lentil & Roasted Vegetable Tray Bake with Fried Egg

High protein, high fibre, low glycaemic impact. A proper meal built to keep glucose stable, support mitochondrial function, and actually keep you full. Done in one tray.

Prep10 min
Cook35 min
Serves2
SystemMetabolic

Ingredients

  • The Tray
  • 400g tin green or Puy lentils, drained and rinsed
  • 1 medium aubergine, 2cm cubed
  • 1 red pepper, rough chunks
  • 1 courgette, half-moons
  • 200g cherry tomatoes, whole
  • 3 tbsp extra virgin olive oil
  • Spice Blend
  • 2 tsp smoked paprika
  • 1 tsp cumin
  • 1 tsp ground coriander
  • ½ tsp cinnamon
  • ½ tsp turmeric
  • Sea salt and black pepper
  • To Finish
  • 2 eggs (free range)
  • Large handful flat-leaf parsley
  • 1 lemon, zest and juice
  • 50g feta (optional — adds protein and salt)
  • 1–2 tbsp plain Greek yoghurt per plate (optional)

Method

  1. Preheat oven to 200°C fan. Mix the spice blend together in a small bowl.
  2. Toss aubergine, pepper, courgette, and cherry tomatoes in olive oil and most of the spice blend on a large roasting tray. Season well. Spread in a single layer — don't crowd or it steams rather than roasts.
  3. Roast 20 minutes until beginning to caramelise at the edges. Remove from oven.
  4. Add the drained lentils to the tray. Toss through the roasted vegetables with a splash of water and the remaining spice blend. Return to the oven for 10–12 minutes. The lentils will dry out slightly and pick up the roasted flavours from the tray.
  5. While the tray finishes, fry two eggs — yolks still runny — in a little olive oil.
  6. Divide the tray onto plates. Lay the fried egg on top. Squeeze lemon over everything. Scatter parsley. Crumble feta if using. Add a spoonful of Greek yoghurt to the side if you want extra protein and creaminess.

Why This Works Clinically

Protein first, every meal. The egg plus lentils combination delivers approximately 30–35g of protein per serving — which is in the range that maximises muscle protein synthesis per meal and, critically, drives GLP-1 secretion (see the GLP-1 post for the mechanism). Protein also has the highest thermic effect of feeding of any macronutrient — roughly 20–30% of its caloric content is used in its own digestion. This matters for metabolic rate.

Low-glycaemic carbohydrate load. Lentils have a glycaemic index of approximately 30, compared to white bread at 75 or white rice at 70. The fibre and protein content of lentils significantly blunts the glucose response to the carbohydrate they contain. The roasted vegetables add additional fibre (particularly the aubergine and courgette) and polyphenols from the tomatoes and peppers — lycopene, quercetin, vitamin C — that support endothelial function and glucose metabolism.

Cinnamon as insulin sensitiser. Human studies — including a Cochrane review — show that cinnamon supplementation modestly reduces fasting blood glucose and improves insulin sensitivity markers in type 2 diabetes. The dose in these studies (1–6g daily) is achievable through generous seasoning. It's not medication, but it's not trivial either, and it's in this recipe for a reason rather than just flavour.

The fat from olive oil slows gastric emptying. Fat delays gastric emptying (it's part of the GLP-1 mechanism), which extends satiety and reduces the rate at which glucose from the carbohydrate enters the bloodstream. Extra virgin olive oil's polyphenol content additionally has direct anti-inflammatory effects at the gut epithelial level.

Blood SugarInsulin SensitivityMetabolic HealthSatietyGLP-1

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